A Fuzzy Based Distributed Algorithm for Maintaining Connected Network Topology in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Considering Freeway Mobility Model

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) present real-time embedded system that is being used in a wide variety of applications where traditional networking infrastructure is practically infeasible. The highly dynamic character of a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) poses significant challenges on network communications. Previous work on MANET has resulted in numerous routing protocols aiming to maintain network connectivity among the active nodes. This paper presents a fuzzy-based distributed algorithm to maintain connected MANET considering freeway mobility model. According to the algorithm, each node will control itself in a way that it can maintain its connectivity with other nodes. In this approach each node is enabled with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Through GPS each and every node is getting its position and velocity. After getting the information all the nodes in a network transmit their position and velocity information periodically. Obtaining information from all other nodes, each node will decide its own velocity to maintain connectivity. Moreover, faults to a particular node have also been considered in this algorithm. Results obtained through simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

A Trust Based Fuzzy Algorithm for Congestion Control in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (TFCC)

Network congestion has become a critical issue for resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs)where large volume of multimedia data is transmitted through the network. If the traffic load is greater than the available capacity of the sensor network, congestion occurs and it causes buffer overflow, packet drop, deterioration of network throughput and quality of service (QoS). Again, the faulty nodes of the network also aggravate congestion by diffusing useless packets or retransmitting the same packet several times. This results in the wastage of energy and decrease in network lifetime. To address this challenge, a new congestion control algorithm is proposed in which the faulty nodes are identified and blocked from data communication by using the concept of trust. The trust metric of all the nodes in the WMSN is derived by using a two-stage Fuzzy inferencing scheme. The traffic flow from source to sink is optimized by implementing the Link State Routing Protocol. The congestion of the sensor nodes is controlled by regulating the rate of traffic flow on the basis of the priority of the traffic. Finally we compare our protocol with other existing congestion control protocols to show the merit of the work.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, conference pape

A Trust Based Congestion Aware Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (TC-ACO)

Congestion is a problem of paramount importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources. Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehavior of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols. Unfortunately most of the researchers have tried to make the routing schemes energy efficient without considering congestion factor and the effect of the faulty nodes. In this paper we have proposed a congestion aware, energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust. The merits of the proposed scheme are verified through simulations where they are compared with other protocols.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures and 2 tables (Conference Paper

Trust Integrated Congestion Aware Energy Efficient Routing forWireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (TCEER)

Congestion control and energy consumption in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network is a new research subject which has been ushered in through the introduction of multimedia sensor nodes that are capable of transmitting large volume of high bit rate heterogeneous multimedia data. Most of the existing congestion control algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks do not discuss the impact of security attacks by the malicious nodes in network congestion. Sensor nodes are prone to failure and malicious nodes aggravate congestion by sending fake messages. Hence, isolation of malicious nodes from data routing path reduces congestion significantly. Considering that, we have proposed a new Trust Integrated Congestion Aware Energy Efficient Routing algorithm, in which malicious nodes are identified using the concept of trust. The parameter Node Potential is computed, on the basis of the trust value, congestion status, residual energy and the distance of the node from the base station, using Fuzzy Logic Controller. The source node selects the node with the highest potential in its one hop radio range for data transmission which is light weight as well as energy efficient. Finally, merits of the proposed scheme are discussed by comparing them with existing protocols and the study exhibits 25% improvements in network performance

A Simple Flood Forecasting Scheme Using Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a forecasting model designed using WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) to predict flood in rivers using simple and fast calculations to provide real-time results and save the lives of people who may be affected by the flood. Our prediction model uses multiple variable robust linear regression which is easy to understand and simple and cost effective in implementation, is speed efficient, but has low resource utilization and yet provides real time predictions with reliable accuracy, thus having features which are desirable in any real world algorithm. Our prediction model is independent of the number of parameters, i.e. any number of parameters may be added or removed based on the on-site requirements. When the water level rises, we represent it using a polynomial whose nature is used to determine if the water level may exceed the flood line in the near future. We compare our work with a contemporary algorithm to demonstrate our improvements over it. Then we present our simulation results for the predicted water level compared to the actual water level.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, published in International Journal Of Ad-Hoc, Sensor And Ubiquitous Computing, February 2012; V. seal et al, 'A Simple Flood Forecasting Scheme Using Wireless Sensor Networks', IJASUC, Feb.201

Fuzzy logic election of node for routing in WSNs

Sensor nodes of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are resource constraints in energy, memory, processing and communication bandwidth. Since they are operated by battery, their life span is limited. Specially, energy conservation is very important issue in the WSN, because it directly affects the life of the node as well as the entire network. Here, we develop a new way of electing a node among many trustworthy nodes for routing processes. This method consumes the energies of network nodes based on Fuzzy logic applied on their residual energy, trust level and distance from the Base Station. The proposed method elects one indispensible node for participating in routing among many worthy nodes. Hence, this method of election of node for routing in WSN sees the conservation of nodes energies go by very smooth and justifying, thereby increasing the life of the WSN. © 2012 IEEE

Parallel Hardware Implementation of Walsh Hadamard Transform

The Walsh Hadamard Transform is a powerful notion in digital signal processing. This paper explains the construction of parallel hardware architecture using the mathematical concept of Kronecker product based approach to Walsh Hadamard Transform and its simulation using Verilog. This architecture is simulated here using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology in Verilog Spartan 3e platform. Furthermore, this paper illustrates the fast algorithm and parallel computational result of both one-dimensional and two-dimensional transforms using the Kronecker product.This algorithm can be used to implement a systolic array based dedicated hardware for computation of the transform. Our proposed hardware design for the Walsh Hadamard Transform will be used in various digital signal processing applications. The systematic derivation of parallel architecture design using the concept of Kronecker product and stride permutation would depict the real time processing rather than conventional way and reducing time complexity using minimal resources is a challenging task